Stock Purchase Agreement Template: 2026 Free SPA Template With Key Clauses
Stock Purchase Agreement Template: Free SPA Template With Key Clauses A stock purchase agreement template is the reusable starting document buyers and sellers use to transfer ownership of a corporation by selling its issued and outstanding equity rather than its assets. The buyer steps into the seller’s shoes and takes the company with everything in […]
Share Purchase Agreement: 2026 SPA Structure, Key Clauses, and Negotiation
Share Purchase Agreement: How SPAs Get Structured, Negotiated, and Signed A share purchase agreement is the master contract that transfers legal ownership of a company by selling its issued share capital, rather than its individual assets. Under English law and most common-law jurisdictions modelled on it (Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Ireland, the BVI, the Cayman […]
Installment Sales in Real Estate: 2026 Section 453 Mechanics for Property Sellers
Installment Sales in Real Estate: How Section 453 Defers Property Sale Tax Installment sales let real estate sellers spread capital gains tax across the years payments are actually received instead of writing one giant check to the IRS in the year of closing. For owners of appreciated rental property, raw land, farm acreage, or a […]
LBO Model Template: 2026 Free LBO Excel Template With Step-by-Step Build
LBO Model Template: Free Excel LBO Template With Build Guide An lbo model template is the prebuilt Excel file private equity associates and investment banking analysts use to test whether a target company can carry a specific debt load, hit a sponsor’s return hurdle (typically 20-25% IRR over a 5-year hold), and survive a base […]
Walk Me Through an LBO: 2026 Paper LBO Interview Walk-Through With Worked Math
Walk Me Through an LBO: The 5-Minute Paper LBO Interview Answer When an interviewer says walk me through an LBO, they are testing whether you can hold the full mechanical chain of a leveraged buyout (LBO) in your head and deliver it in under five minutes without notes, a calculator, or pause. The right answer […]
IRC Section 453: 2026 Installment Sale Tax Mechanics and Election Guide
IRC 453: How the Installment Sale Method Defers Taxes on Business Sales IRC 453 is the Internal Revenue Code provision that lets a seller report gain from a property sale as payments are received instead of all in the year of closing. For business owners receiving a seller note, an earnout, or staged cash payments, […]
Cash Flow Model: 2026 Guide to 3-Statement, DCF, and LBO Cash Flow Models
Cash Flow Model: The 3 Types Used by Investment Bankers and Private Equity A cash flow model is a structured spreadsheet that projects how much cash a business generates or consumes over a forecast horizon, usually broken into monthly or annual periods, and is the single most important deliverable an analyst produces in mergers and […]
Comp Value Meaning: 2026 Definition and How to Use Comp Value in Valuation
Comp Value Meaning: What Comp Value Is in Finance, Retail, and Real Estate The comp value meaning depends on the industry you are sitting in when someone says the phrase. In M&A and corporate finance, “comp value” is shorthand for the valuation output from a comparable companies analysis (trading comps) or a precedent transaction analysis, […]
Discounted Cash Flow Calculator: 2026 Interactive DCF Tool With Worked Example
Discounted Cash Flow Calculator: How to Use a DCF Tool to Value a Business A discounted cash flow calculator is the fastest way to translate a five-year operating forecast, a discount rate, and a terminal-growth assumption into a defensible enterprise value, without rebuilding the math from scratch every time a deal lands on your desk. […]